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A Jerusalem Artichoke is not from Jerusalem and it is not an artichoke. Instead, it is a type of perennial sunflower in the aster family with an edible tuber. They are native to eastern North America, from Maine west to North Dakota, and south to northern Florida and Texas.
Jerusalem artichokes, also called sunchokes, are often seen growing wild in abandoned old homesteads, meadows and along roadsides. Pick a handful as part of a colorful fall bouquet.
You can grow Jerusalem Artichokes easily in your garden but choose a spot carefully as they can be invasive and easily spread from a tiny piece of tuber left in the ground. They grow up to ten feet tall with a 4” yellow daisy-like flower from late summer into fall. They are wonderful planted along my fence line.
The tubers look like a ginger root or a knobby potato and vary in color from pale brown to white, red or purple. They are high in potassium and iron, as well as fiber and some B vitamins. "Research has shown that the tubers contain more protein than soybeans, corn, wheat, or beans." [1]
Cooking Jerusalem Artichokes
Jerusalem artichokes are delicious sliced raw for salads, sautéed, or baked like any root vegetable or winter squash. The tubers are slightly sweet and nutlike tasting somewhat like water chestnuts. They have fewer calories per gram than white potatoes. It is not necessary to peel them (scrub instead) as the skin is edible, just not attractive. They peel easily after steaming or boiling.
The flesh of Jerusalem artichokes will darken with exposure to air just as potatoes or apples will, so if you are serving them raw be sure to dip them in water with a dash of lemon juice or vinegar. Even after cooking, the high levels of iron may cause stored cooked tubers to turn gray, not an appealing result. A pinch of cream of tartar or lemon juice or vinegar in the cooking liquid will remedy this. Add 1/4 teaspoon of cream of tartar or 1 tablespoon of acidic juice per quart of water. The acids will strengthen the texture, so if you want the finished result to be softer, add the acidic juice during the last five minutes. Avoid using aluminum or cast iron pots as these metals will cause oxidation turning the vegetable an unappealing dark color.
Jerusalem artichokes go well with cinnamon, nutmeg, cloves, onion, and cream. They also go well with just about any protein source. Mashed chokes can be used as a thickener for soups and stews. Try them instead of potatoes in a potato pancake recipe. They can usually be substituted for turnips or parsnips. The consistency is like a potato and best steamed to avoid becoming mushy. The tubers store carbohydrate as inulin (not insulin), a source of fructose useful for diabetics. "Jerusalem artichoke flour is also recommended for those who are allergic to wheat and other grains." [2]
"Jerusalem artichokes can also be used as animal feed. You can feed the leaves, stems and blossoms to your sheep, goats, pigs, and cattle. The leaves and stems contain 28 percent protein. That's more than twice the amount of protein in corn. That's not all. They need little or no fertilizer. They grow so fast that they shade out weeds. They produce large harvests in almost any type of soil - even poor, infertile soils. They grow well with very little water and are resistant to drought. In fact, too much water may reduce growth and rot the tubers. The tubers produce best in temperatures below 28 degrees Celsius (82ºF)." [1]
Growing Jerusalem Artichokes
The growing requirements are full sun, pH neutral, and they do best in zones 4a to 9b. Water regularly but do not over-water. The plants are attractive to bees, butterflies and birds. Bees are the biggest pollinators. This plant provides food for several caterpillars and beetles. The large nutritious seeds are consumed by various gamebirds, songbirds, and small mammals. Large herbivores, such as cattle and deer, may eat the leaves and flowers. Occasionally the stems are used by muskrats and beavers for their dens or dams.
Propagating Jerusalem Artichokes
You can propagate Jerusalem artichokes by dividing the tubers. Tubers may be purchased at the supermarket or a farmer’s market as well as online. In my area, they are listed for sale in a local trade paper. Over two hundred varieties are now available which are used not only in many commercial products as a fructose source but also to make alcohol. The Jerusalem artichoke has always been cultivated more in Europe than in America.
Plant tubers the same way you would plant potatoes. You can either plant the whole tuber, or you can plant a piece of the tuber which has several eyes. Dig and replant every few years in newly loosened soil. Dig the tubers in the fall and store in high humidity. (Grocery stores often have them in an open shallow pan of water, which I presume is changed daily or so.)
Jerusalem artichokes were a staple of many Native Americans, as they were quite abundant and stored well. This misunderstood tuber’s popularity as a food source has finally reemerged. That this plant also gives us pretty flowers is just a bonus!
Thanks to Gabrielle, Poppysue and Frostweed for the photos from Plantfiles.
About Darius Van d'Rhys
I have a 'growing my own food' obsession that grew out of my overlapping interests in cooking, nutrition and gardening. I am also a teacher (but outside the System), a writer, and a builder… and a craftsperson and... and… and many other things, LOL. In fact, I guess I am a generalist.
I live in the southern Appalachian Mountains on a hillside with a creek in front and drive a 15 year old truck I lovingly call “My Farmer’s Ferrari.”
Posted by doccat5 (from Fredericksburg, VA) on January 23, 2008 at 6:32 AM:
Can you "rope" these in using some type of below the ground barrier? Thinking of a less than delightful experience with bamboo, I don't want to go thru that again. Thanks for sharing the information.
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Posted by Dutchlady1 (from Naples, FL) on January 23, 2008 at 7:01 AM:
Very nice article; lots of things I didn't know about this vegetable. Thanks for writing it.
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Posted by darius (from Marion, VA) on January 23, 2008 at 7:04 AM:
I would think there's a way, but offhand I have no idea what it might be. I put a metal vertical barrier 2 feet deep for my bamboo in Atlanta.
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Posted by Dea (from Frederick, MD) on January 23, 2008 at 9:02 AM:
We love JA's and what a bonus plant it is from the flowers to the root!
Thanks for a very well done article that brings this great vegetable to the forefront :)
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Posted by FlowrLady (from Olive Branch, MS) on January 23, 2008 at 11:00 AM:
Darius, thanks for the article. I have seeds that Yardbird and I talked about at the seed swap last Saturday. Your article just gives me more info, which I wanted. So, thanks again!
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Posted by Islandshari (from Kwajalein
(Marshall Islands)) on January 23, 2008 at 3:14 PM:
Darius, thank you for an interesting article about a relatively unknown vege! I have been curious for years, but always forget when I leave the supermarket. (Of course, now I don't have a supermarket!). Will keep my eye out for these now, and give them a try. Thanks again.
Yokwe,
Shari
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Posted by victorgardener (from Lower Hudson Valley, NY) on January 23, 2008 at 7:58 PM:
Yes, that's new to me too. Nice job, Darius!
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Posted by darius (from Marion, VA) on January 23, 2008 at 10:22 PM:
Thanks. I had fun doing it, and I picked up a few tubers last week in Charlottesville to plant here.
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Posted by GreenAtHeart (from Franklin Grove, IL) on January 28, 2008 at 12:12 AM:
Thanks Darius. I'm going to try them this year starting small to see how they spread. Glad to see they can be used as a wheat flour sub. as we have some gluten issues in our family.
Will also look for info on long term storage like freezing or drying.
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Posted by KyWoods (from Melbourne, KY) on January 28, 2008 at 2:16 PM:
I had no idea those funny looking roots in the produce section made those flowers! Thanks for enlightening me, darius! And I always wondered why they called them artichokes when they obviously look nothing like an artichoke.
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Posted by Fitsy (from Hayesville, NC) on January 28, 2008 at 6:49 PM:
I like JAs and grew them in Georgia, but
haven't here in NC yet because I'm sort of
expecting to run up on some "improved"
kinds - maybe with bigger smoother tubers.
Have you tried any of the various kinds???
Thanks much for the article.
Fitsy
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Posted by darius (from Marion, VA) on January 28, 2008 at 7:03 PM:
I wush I knew what kind the ones I just bought at Whole Foods are... biggest tubers I've ever seen. Someone on DG sent me some purple tubers to plant last summer but I was too sick to get them in the ground. Somewhere on the vegetable forum, Agrinerd talks about some varieties...
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Posted by Fitsy (from Hayesville, NC) on January 29, 2008 at 12:26 AM:
Thanks, I'll look!
Fitsy
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Posted by carrielamont (from Milton, MA) on February 4, 2008 at 6:00 PM:
I'm reading a book in which there's a "Jerusalem artichoke scam" - it's touted as being an ethanol alternative, but isn't. Ever heard of a scam like that with these? x, Carrie
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Posted by darius (from Marion, VA) on February 4, 2008 at 6:23 PM:
nope, sorry.
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Posted by djtrouten (from Minneapolis, MN) on March 15, 2008 at 2:12 PM:
There was a real Jerusalem artichoke scam. You can read about it in a book called "The Great Jerusalem Artichoke Circus: The Buying and Selling of the Rural American Dream" by Joseph Anthony Amato. It's published by the University of Minnesota Press, but you can find it through Google Books and read it on-line. Just go to Google book search and look for "artichoke circus."
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Posted by darius (from Marion, VA) on March 15, 2008 at 3:38 PM:
Hmmmm... I'll have to see if my library can get a copy for me to read.
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Posted by carrielamont (from Milton, MA) on March 15, 2008 at 5:32 PM:
Wow, so my fiction writer wasn't totally making it up! Interesting. Thanks for the info. x, Carrie
