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A Voracious Assassin

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By Kennedy Harris (kennedyh)
March 16, 2008
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Garlic Chive flowers attract many insects in the early autumn, but not all come to feed on the flowers. An Assassin Bug also visits the flowers and feeds voraciously on flies and the occasional bee!

Gardening pictureMarch, in Australia, is the beginning of Autumn, and there is not a lot in flower in the garden. One plant is flowering profusely, the Garlic Chives - Allium tuberosum.
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Garlic Chives - Allium tuberosum
Not only are they flowering well, but they are very attractive to insects.

Butterflies are numerous on the flowers. I have seen Cabbage Whites, Meadow Argus and Common Grass Blues, but most commonly two sorts of skippers.

First is the Dispar Skipper - Dispar compacta. This little skipper was very common on the flowers in late February, with sometimes 6 or more feeding at the same time.

Less common but still pretty regular is one of the smallest of the skippers, the Yellow-banded Dart - Ocybadistes walkeri.

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Dispar Skipper - Dispar compacta Yellow-banded Dart - Ocybadistes walkeri

As well as the butterflies, there are lots of flies and bees.

The bees include honey bees, but also a lot of little Reed Bees - Exoneura bicolor.

I also found one tiny little (unidentified) moth feeding at the flowers.

Image Image Image
Fly Reed Bee - Exoneura bicolor Moth

All these insects were feeding on the flowers, gathering either nectar or pollen.

On the 3rd March I spotted a villain sharing at the feast. I found a lovely red Assassin Bug, on a flower-head, but it was not feeding on the flowers, it had its long slender beak sunk into one of the flies and was feeding on the fly.

I caught it and posed it on a leaf (with fly) for some photos.

I then collected it, in the hope of later getting a full identification. I have so far managed to identify it as a Zelus species.

Five days later, I was watching the insects on the flowers again and I saw another assassin bug on the same flowers, and again it had a fly impaled on its beak. I took some more pictures this time without disturbing the bug.

I was getting interested in this bug, so I started watching it regularly. Later in the day I saw it with another fly and a bit later still, I saw it for the first time without its prey. I wanted a picture of the bug on its own, so I went and got my camera. By the time I had returned, yet another fly was being consumed. There may be many more, but I am sure that it ate at least three flies on that day. I did later get a picture of the bug without a fly.

The next day I watched for it again. During the morning the flowers are in shade, and I saw no insects on the flowers at all, but by lunch time the assassin was back and again had a fly pierced by its beak. I wanted to see the assassin at work, so when, in the afternoon, I found the bug on a flower-head on its own, I stayed and watched closely. Twice I saw flies land near the bug on the flower-head, and each time the bug made a quick movement, but the fly escaped unharmed. A third time a fly landed just out of reach and the bug raised its head and beak and one front leg. The fly moved closer to the bug and as I watched the bug plunged its beak into the fly and the fly was doomed. I believe that the bug digests the inside of the fly and sucks it up, discarding the empty shell.

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Assassin Bug with Fly Assassin Bug with Fly Assassin Bug with Reed Bee

All these food items had been flies, possibly all of the same species, but on the third day the bug was present again on its own on a flower-head. I had my camera, but needed to change lens. When I was ready, the bug had just struck on its latest prey, which this time was not a fly, but one of the little red and black Reed Bees. This last picture shows the Assassin just after plunging its beak into the Reed Bee and shows what an effective weapon it is!

We were looking on it as a welcome predator while it ate flies, but were sorry to see that bees are also on his diet!

PS. After writing this, I wandered back to the garlic chives, while my wife proof-read the article.

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Flower Spider with Fly

The Assassin was resting below the flower-heads (digesting a large meal perhaps), but I realised that he was not the only predator stalking the garlic chives. On one of the flower-heads, I spotted a little Flower Spider - Diaea evanida. The spider was down among the flowers and I lifted it on my finger. It immediately abseiled down a thread and I arranged that it land on top of the flowers. It stayed where it landed and when I moved in close to take a photograph, I found that the spider had also caught a fly on the flower-heads and had its fangs buried in the body of the fly.

A second predator was benefiting from the attraction of the flowers. Quite a complete little ecosystem on a small patch of garlic chives!


  About Kennedy Harris  
Kennedy HarrisI garden in Australia. I have a great love for all of nature, and have been photographing plants and animals for many years

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Subject: Assassin bug


Posted by birder17 (from Jackson, MO) on March 23, 2008 at 3:56 PM:

I have seen the assassin bug around a few times. He's been on my deck and kitchen windows. I too was alarmed at his looks but felt sure he was a bug that ate other bugs. I did reasearch to find I was right on my hunch. I used to have garlic chives but spent three years getting rid of it as it spread by seed way too easily. I like it but it took over. Perhaps my assassin bug is no longer around because of the garlic chives. I did not see him last year. They're a little scarry but beneficial.

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Subject: Assassin Bug

Posted by flhardatwork (from Longwood, FL) on March 17, 2008 at 1:03 PM:

I too, have what I now know (thanks to you) as an assassin bug patroling my garden. I found him crawling on the back of my chair right behind where my head was resting. I had never seen one before so was quite startled, but intrigued, not only with his size but with his strange appearance. I took 10 pictures or so and am attaching one. If anyone knows this to be something other than an Assassin please let me know. Thanks for the info, Kennedy!

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Posted by kennedyh (from Churchill, Victoria
(Australia)) on March 17, 2008 at 3:25 PM:

Thanks flhardatwork,
your bug is certainly an assassin bug. It looks to me like the Assassin known as the Wheel Bug because of the wheel-like ridge behind its head, which shows clearly in your picture: [HYPERLINK@bugguide.net]

This is one of the largest assassin bugs. Your picture is excellent and it would be great if you could add it to our page in BugFiles: [HYPERLINK@davesgarden.com]

Kennedy

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Posted by tabby7 (from Alford, FL) on March 18, 2008 at 6:58 AM:

Great pictures. I have been enjoying spying on Assassin Bugs for several years here in Florida. They live on scarlet milk weed plants and are not only beautiful and beneficial - they are amazing to watch. My grandchildren and I have watched them appear soon after hatching and they stay together for several weeks as they grow bigger and bigger. The beneficial bugs and spiders are wonderfully camouflaged - green lynx spiders and the many colored tiny crab spiders that lie in wait inside the flowers and foliage. Love 'em all! G'day Mate!

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Subject: Assassin bug

Posted by rutholive (from Tonasket, WA) on March 17, 2008 at 9:21 AM:

As always your photos are outstanding. Good article and wonderful photos. Don't think I have ever seen an assassin bug. I do have chives volunteering everywhere. Thanks

Donna

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Subject: lovely!

Posted by carrielamont (from Milton, MA) on March 16, 2008 at 10:32 AM:

Thank you, Ken, for this charming glimpse into a day in the life of an Australian garden!
x, Carrie

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Posted by KyWoods (from Melbourne, KY) on March 16, 2008 at 5:16 PM:

Fascinating! Great pictures, too. I hope that bug decided that the bee wasn't too tasty, though. LOL

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Subject: cool article!

Posted by cathy4 (from St. Louis County, MO) on March 16, 2008 at 10:30 AM:

Great pictures and information, thanks!

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Posted by Dea (from Frederick, MD) on March 16, 2008 at 1:40 PM:

Wonderful article - thank you.

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Posted by grampapa (from Wheatfield, NY) on March 16, 2008 at 9:04 PM:

Ken, this was fascinating...thanks! I have garlic chives planted last year. I look forward to them blooming and hope I get to see at least a bit of the drama you have observed.

~ jan

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Posted by frankford (from East Lansing, MI) on March 16, 2008 at 11:16 PM:

People have been talking about these beneficial insects. They are so badly needed with the earth heating up today. The harmful insects seem to be increasing in numbers. We gratefully need more people like you who are will show and tell about the beneficial insects we need to favor. best regards ,Frankford

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