PlantFiles: Calypso Orchid, Deer's Head Orchid, Fairy-slipper, Hider-of-the-North, Redwood Orchid
Calypso bulbosa

slugs, racoons and BIRDS devour these so they should be screened and slug baited all year. Extremely drought tolerant in the soil, should be kept barely moist if in a container. Also avoid fertilizers and fungicides as these may kill the symbiotic fungi that grows with it, if grown in containers a good topdressing of woods duff every year in the summer when dormant is recommended.

In my many travels as a forester through the Pacific Northwest I have encountered fairy slipper numerous times and in diverse habitats. Most populations I saw contained light purple to dark purple forms of the species. In 1980 I encountered an all-white individual growing in moss in a British Columbia, Canada, yellow cedar forest, and a friend found an albino population in northern California in 2001. One author shows a photograph of a yellow-flowered clump located in the Olympic National Forest in Washington state. Other locations I have seen Calypso include a fairly dry brushy area along the Kootenai River, Montana, just south of the dam; and the Blue Mountains of Washington, where the species grew directly in moist dense moss along a streamside dominated by a closed-canopy Picea englemannii forest - Cypripedium montanum grew not too far away on a slope in a ponderosa pine/pine grass environ. I found many populations of fairy slipper on Site III Douglas fir habitats at Seaquest Park near Castle Rock, Washington - these populations have been extirpated by human use (a day camp is built at the heart of the fairy slippers) and mole activity occurs that lifts the bulbs or causes them to be buried - no plants remained when I last checked. I also found a single small clump near my home in Belfair, Washington, growing in moss amongst salal on an old overgrown cat road (also Site III). In 1998 I encountered literally hundreds of Calypso orchids in a campground near Trout Lake, Washington, where they grew in moss-covered stony soil and on rotted logs under an open Douglas fir canopy. I have not visited the site since. The last Washington population I found is in Dungeness at the fish hatchery. A few indiviuduals were growing on a road cutbank hidden by grass and brambles in an old-growth DF forest. These were very light-colored lavender, one of which had an enormous leaf size of 8.3 cm. Cave Junction, Oregon, is the last location for Calypso that I am familiar with. Scattered individuals were found in a low flat area amidst deciduous shrubs and poderosa pine.

As sensitive as this plant is known to be, given the right germination conditions it is as adaptable as it is beautiful. I will be experimenting with germination in 2005 (any tips appreciated), since I have three Calypso bulbosa with budded stalks which are already up 1/4" as of December, 2004.

(All descriptions on my Calypso observances came from notes written in my trusty Hitchcock, Flora of the Pacific Northwest, 1976 edition.)

Jerry

I live in Fort Smith, Northwest Territories X0E 0P0, Canada 60°00'N, 111°58' W
Calypso Orchid Calypso bulbosa grows here in the Boreal forest and I have been lucky enough to have taken some nice pictures of it.

In the specific place where I found it... there were seveal other groupings of the plant... all growing in the wild.

We are just on the edge of the Wood Buffalo National Park on the shore of the Slave River.

Wood Buffalo Park is a very specific almost micro climate area with many unique features... like the most northern nesting point of the White Pelican and the Whooping Crane.

I'm french, And I grow C.bulbosa (origin: Canada) since 9 months. The plants (6 plants) seems to like spring potting, just when the plant has developed a single leaf, at this time, the roots are white and the corm is billowy.
I use a personal potting mix which is made of charcoal (1/10), fine quartz sand (2/10), pine bark and needle humus (4/10), and leaf humus (3/10).

All this elements must been mixed together, I prefer sterilize the mix (in microwave, maximun power during 15 min) because the fungus who lives on Calypso roots needs no more other concurrents fungus species.
Use the mix after 2 days !
It's my opinion, try an other way if you want...

The plants need full shade nevertheless a bright place.
A location under trees seems to be a good choice.
I water my plants with water pulverization on the top of the pot. The water must be only rain water or demineralized water ! Never use faucet water !

Be aware that slugs and snails love Calypso ! You must absolutly protect your plants because a single slug can eat many plants during an humid night !

Never use fertilizer or enriched substrate !
Don't forget that if you grow Calypso, you grow also his fungus (he is fragile!).

When you pot Calypso, you must put the corm at the top of the mix, or half covered with mix but no more, over this you must put a moss layer (1cm thickness, no more), hence the corm is situated between the mix and the moss.

The substrate must be humid in spring and sumer, when the leaf dry out, reduce water, keep the mix a little humid in winter, the fungus like this :)

I think that this comment on C.bulbosa is the most exact on the WeB, if you need more informations, email me at seb.blaszko@free.fr or seb.number1@caramail.com

I just located this splendid orchid in the Pacific Northwest; sea level; on an evergreen forest, floor. At the time the high temperature for the day was seasonably low ~43F (although we've had a very mild spring); windy with showers. The orchid was in full bloom and quite a shock to stumble on. Most sources show its blooming period as May through July and yet when I found the plant, while in full bloom, it was the first week in April! I saw no others either associated with it in a cluster nor anywhere while on my walk. There were 2 leaves and a single stalk.

Terrestrial orchid from North America, Europe and Asia. Has a single, pleated, oblong shaped leaf up to 8 inches long wich grows from a corm. Flowers are 1-1½ inches and pinkish purple, large slipper shaped lip which is white spotted purple, pink or yellow.

Flowers in May. Enjoys rich, moist soil enriched with leaf mold or bark chips in a neutral to acid soil in partial shade.

In frost prone areas grow in a cold shaded greenhouse, in warmer regions grow in a woodland or bog garden.

Divide corms very carefully to propigate.