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Hardiness: USDA Zone 3a: to -39.9 °C (-40 °F) USDA Zone 3b: to -37.2 °C (-35 °F) USDA Zone 4a: to -34.4 °C (-30 °F) USDA Zone 4b: to -31.6 °C (-25 °F) USDA Zone 5a: to -28.8 °C (-20 °F) USDA Zone 5b: to -26.1 °C (-15 °F) USDA Zone 6a: to -23.3 °C (-10 °F) USDA Zone 6b: to -20.5 °C (-5 °F) USDA Zone 7a: to -17.7 °C (0 °F) USDA Zone 7b: to -14.9 °C (5 °F) USDA Zone 8a: to -12.2 °C (10 °F) USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F) USDA Zone 9a: to -6.6 °C (20 °F)
Sun Exposure: Full Sun Sun to Partial Shade
Danger: Parts of plant are poisonous if ingested
Bloom Color: Orange
Bloom Time: Mid Spring Late Spring/Early Summer
Foliage: Evergreen
Other details: This plant is attractive to bees, butterflies and/or birds Flowers are fragrant Average Water Needs; Water regularly; do not overwater Self-sows freely; deadhead if you do not want volunteer seedlings next season
Soil pH requirements: 6.6 to 7.5 (neutral) 7.6 to 7.8 (mildly alkaline) 7.9 to 8.5 (alkaline)
Propagation Methods: From semi-hardwood cuttings From seed; direct sow outdoors in fall From seed; winter sow in vented containers, coldframe or unheated greenhouse From seed; stratify if sowing indoors From seed; sow indoors before last frost From seed; direct sow after last frost
Seed Collecting: Allow pods to dry on plant; break open to collect seeds
On Jul 27, 2005, ladybluejey from Yuanzhou Boluo, Huizhou China wrote:
Because I am trying to grow this in southern China, in a very clay based soil, I have had difficulties, but was able to grow them. The only problem, be careful, cats who like to eat plants maybe end up fairly sick from the leaves. I have had to deal with a lot of vomiting as a result of my cat ingesting them.
Has grey to deep green, slightly downy, lance like, toothed leaves. Bears scented, yellow to bright orange, 4 petalled flowers.
Flowers March - May
Loves a well drained, poorish, neutral to alkaline soil in sun or light shade.
Usually grown as a biennial.
May be subject to club root fungus (Plasmodiophora brassicae) especially in acid soils. Don't grow in a bed where you expect to grow cabbages in the next year or two (and vice versa), especially if you have bought the plants from a nursery.
Regional...
This plant has been said to grow in the following regions:
Santa Clara, California Des Plaines, Illinois Itasca, Illinois Mascoutah, Illinois Saint Charles, Illinois Pinconning, Michigan La Crescent, Minnesota Mathiston, Mississippi Helena, Montana New Milford, New Jersey Henrietta, New York Norwood, New York North Ridgeville, Ohio Tipp City, Ohio Salem, Oregon Unicoi, Tennessee Kalama, Washington Ocean Shores, Washington Appleton, Wisconsin