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Hardiness: USDA Zone 3a: to -39.9 °C (-40 °F) USDA Zone 3b: to -37.2 °C (-35 °F) USDA Zone 4a: to -34.4 °C (-30 °F) USDA Zone 4b: to -31.6 °C (-25 °F) USDA Zone 5a: to -28.8 °C (-20 °F) USDA Zone 5b: to -26.1 °C (-15 °F) USDA Zone 6a: to -23.3 °C (-10 °F) USDA Zone 6b: to -20.5 °C (-5 °F) USDA Zone 7a: to -17.7 °C (0 °F) USDA Zone 7b: to -14.9 °C (5 °F)
Sun Exposure: Sun to Partial Shade
Danger: Seed is poisonous if ingested All parts of plant are poisonous if ingested
Bloom Color: Bright Yellow
Bloom Time: Late Winter/Early Spring
Foliage: Deciduous Shiny/Glossy-Textured
Other details: Requires consistently moist soil; do not let dry out between waterings
On Mar 3, 2007, bluespiral from Ellicott City, MD (Zone 7a) wrote:
Anything that blooms in the wake of receding sheets of ice and snow around here is very much welcome. Following are heavily quoted & paraphrased germination instructions from Norman C. Deno's Seed Germination Theory and Practice, 2nd edition:
The best way to propagate this plant from seed is to direct sow the seed as soon as it is fresh where it is intended to grow, because:
Seed dry stored either at 40*F or 70*F is dead (as is all commercially distributed seed under current practices).
Seed should be stored and/or distributed in moist paper towels either at 40*F or at 70*F, if at all.
Alternative to direct sowing, "...seeds are placed in moist paper towels at 70*F as soon as they are ripe in May. After 3 months at 70*F, the seeds are shifted to to 40*F [and]...after [exactly 55 days from being shifted to 40*F,]...germination begins...[and] is...90% complete in four days."
On Feb 28, 2005, nevadagdn from Sparks, NV (Zone 7a) wrote:
I don't care how invasive this plant becomes. I'm just glad to have anything blooming this time of year. I'm hoping it colonizes my small patch of lawn.
If it were not for its early blooming season, I would eradicate this from our garden. It is extremely agressive and has spread into large colonies in just a few years.
I plan to weed out much of it each year after it blooms to reduce seed production in an attempt to control its spread. Seeds appear to germinate readily, increasing the size of the colony.