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Hardiness: USDA Zone 4a: to -34.4 °C (-30 °F) USDA Zone 4b: to -31.6 °C (-25 °F) USDA Zone 5a: to -28.8 °C (-20 °F) USDA Zone 5b: to -26.1 °C (-15 °F) USDA Zone 6a: to -23.3 °C (-10 °F) USDA Zone 6b: to -20.5 °C (-5 °F) USDA Zone 7a: to -17.7 °C (0 °F) USDA Zone 7b: to -14.9 °C (5 °F) USDA Zone 8a: to -12.2 °C (10 °F) USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F)
Sun Exposure: Light Shade
Danger: All parts of plant are poisonous if ingested
Bloom Color: Bright Yellow
Bloom Time: Late Spring/Early Summer Mid Summer
Foliage: Grown for foliage Herbaceous
Other details: May be a noxious weed or invasive Average Water Needs; Water regularly; do not overwater
Soil pH requirements: 6.1 to 6.5 (mildly acidic) 6.6 to 7.5 (neutral) 7.6 to 7.8 (mildly alkaline)
Patent Information: Non-patented
Propagation Methods: By dividing rhizomes, tubers, corms or bulbs (including offsets) From seed; direct sow outdoors in fall From seed; sow indoors before last frost From seed; direct sow after last frost
Seed Collecting: Bag seedheads to capture ripening seed Allow pods to dry on plant; break open to collect seeds Properly cleaned, seed can be successfully stored
On Apr 3, 2008, outdoorlover from Enid, OK (Zone 7a) wrote:
This plant did not survive its first winter. Although it could be because I bought it as a transplant, and did not grow it from seed. Wish it had worked out. May try later with seeds.
On Apr 2, 2008, Malus2006 from Coon Rapids, MN (Zone 4a) wrote:
Fully zone 4 hardy, tend to be a strange plant. It bruises and snap off easily when raking leaves in early spring as they send up leaves in late summer to fall. They goes dormant in long hot summer days and is strange about their seedling habits - sulk or spread rapidly. Like the above information, doesn't transplant well - currently I have two plants. Hardly rare - just difficult to transplant - often gardener get them when they hitchhike on another plant's pot from fellow growers - landscape companies' environment is too hostile for them to seed freely. The plants in my yard are in woodland shade and have some competitions hence their sulky habit.
On Oct 13, 2006, kooger from Oostburg, WI (Zone 5b) wrote:
I enjoy this plant very much. It always looks pretty and reblooms again and again. It does self-sow very easily so I share the babies. A quick hoe or pull would take care of the volunteers or perhaps a sprinkle of 'Preen'-type product around it would also help control the seedlings. I do not consider it invasive.
On May 21, 2005, sanity101 from Dublin, OH (Zone 5b) wrote:
One of the few things that grows reliably and blooms all summer in our shady yard. The yellow flowers are an extra plus with so many shade plants flowering in more somber colors. Establishes quickly and seeds willingly, but not obnoxiously or far. Very delicate looking foliage. Growing in loamy/clay soil.
On Jan 18, 2005, vickiann from Lady Lake, FL wrote:
I live on 120 acres in central Florida and this plant shows up in the waste areas of my horse pastures during the winter months. It is especially prolific during our coldest weather (December through February) when it is often the only green thing there. We get freezing temperatures but it doesn't seem to freeze so must be quite cold hardy. After the plant completes its growth cycle and the seeds are produced it completely dies back and disappears during our hot, humid months. It is very palatable, and the horses seek it out like pigs on truffles. Unfortunately, ingestion causes mouth sores, gingivitis, colic and sudden death of horses if enough is ingested. I never planted this and diligently must pull it up to protect my equines. How it arrived in my pasture is a mystery, but in my setting (it loves growing in my "sand hill" location, especially under the oak trees) it must be described as a dangerous invasive. It is correctly identified and pictured in a well distributed book on toxic weeds for horse owners, although the book incorrectly shows it as not growing in Florida. It has been here for several years and seems to spread to new areas of my pasture each year in spite of my faithful weeding. Twice I have had sick horses due to it.
On Nov 17, 2004, designart from Schwenksville, PA (Zone 6a) wrote:
Rare perennial in that is has beautiful foliage and attractive flowers the entrie summer! Likes semi-shade with gravely/sandy soil. Prospers around stone walls or in decorative gravel. Transplants poorly. Self sows and some may consider a 'weed' but it is very easily removed and somewhat picky as to location.
On Aug 31, 2002, Terry from Murfreesboro, TN (Zone 7a) wrote:
Easy to grow from seed; bloomed the first year. The gray/blue fern-like foliage is very delicate-looking.
Regional...
This plant has been said to grow in the following regions:
Juneau, Alaska Ketchikan, Alaska Littleton, Colorado Centerbrook, Connecticut Oxford, Connecticut Lady Lake, Florida Nampa, Idaho Mount Prospect, Illinois Plainfield, Illinois Inwood, Iowa Portland, Maine Middletown, Maryland Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts Adrian, Michigan Dearborn Heights, Michigan Grand Blanc, Michigan Royal Oak, Michigan West Bloomfield, Michigan Minneapolis, Minnesota Piedmont, Missouri Munsonville, New Hampshire Lake Toxaway, North Carolina Coshocton, Ohio Dublin, Ohio Monroe, Ohio Tipp City, Ohio Albion, Pennsylvania Easton, Pennsylvania Export, Pennsylvania Indiana, Pennsylvania Norristown, Pennsylvania Schwenksville, Pennsylvania Wilkes Barre, Pennsylvania Woodlawn, Tennessee Lexington, Virginia Norfolk, Virginia Springfield, Virginia Kalama, Washington Mountlake Terrace, Washington Olympia, Washington Porterfield, Wisconsin