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The yellow in fall leaves is caused by xanthophyll, which only becomes evident when chlorophyll is destroyed by the environmental changes (changes in light intensity and coolor temperatures).
See also carotene (creates the orange and yellow colors in leaves); and anthocyanin (creates the red and purple colors in leaves); and tannin (the brown color that remains after other colors have disappeared.)
A yellow crystalline pigment related to carotene, C40H56O2. Found in leaves most of the time, but only revealed when chlorophyll is absent. See also Carotene and Anthocyanin.
