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A word used to describe a plant that can produce seed without obvious flowers. The small, self pollinating flowers never open but often produce more seed than the obvious, showy flowers.
Viola species are often cleistogamous, while also producing the normal flowers. In Viola odorata, the cleistogamous flowers may be seen (if you look for them under the leaves) mainly in Autumn.
In Gratiola virginiana, late flowers can also be cleistogamous, meaning self-pollenating. These flowers are often in addition to the flowers that have already opened.