PlantFiles: Autumn Olive
Elaeagnus umbellata

I found this shrub to be invading the pine woodlands near my home, displacing native vegetation. It's not very attractive either.

Autumn Olive Elaeagnus umbellata is naturalized in Texas and other States and is considered an invasive plant in Texas.

Autumn Olive was introduced to the US in the 1830's. It's native to Korea, Japan, and China. We used this plant to stabilize and revegetate road banks and also for strip mine reclamation. We also used this plant in our yards to create food and cover for wildlife although we now know better choices were available. We didn't know as much about this plant back then when we subscribed to these practices. Basically, Autumn Olive spreads aggressively and has caused serious ecological damage just as the Russian Olive has done. They fix nitrogen in the soil which disrupts native plant communities that thrive in infertile environments.

This being said, Elaeagnus umbellata is listed on the noxious weed lists of 45 states. Good news is that young seedlings and saplings can be easily pulled by hand after the spring rains come to loosen up the soil. More mature plants are also relatively easy to destroy. I cut them down to about 12" and paint the stump with readily available Round Up concentrate. If the plant suckers up again, it's easy to go back and take another swipe at the stump by taking it down to about 6" and repainting the exposed surface with Round Up concentrate again. Garlon 4 has worked well for me also.

This bush also makes a wonderful hedge and wildlife shelter. It is a natural feeding station and nesting place for many songbirds. In autumn, the branches are covered with bright red berries which the birds love.

Easy to transplant, very hardy. The fruit are someaht tart when ripe, but quite edible and useful for jam & wine. The fruit contain about 10 times the lycopene content of tomatoes, and efforts are under way to farm them as a health food. It does spread easily, apparently by seeds carried by birds and other animals who eat the fruit whole, so ranchers don't much care for it. Nitrogen-fixing, thrives in poor soils, alkali and salt tolerant. Seeds collected need to be frozen for a month or more and treated with bird excrement or clorox or muriatic acid to weaken the seed coat.