Shrub Rose 'Knock Out'
Rosa
Family: | Rosaceae (ro-ZAY-see-ee) (Info) |
Genus: | Rosa (RO-zuh) (Info) |
Cultivar: | Knock Out |
Additional cultivar information: | (PP11836, aka Knock Out®, RADrazz, Knockout, Purple Meidiland) |
Hybridized | by Radler |
Registered or introduced: | 1999 |

Class:
Shrub
Height:
24-36 in. (60-90 cm)
36-48 in. (90-120 cm)
Spacing:
24-36 in. (60-90 cm)
Hardiness:
USDA Zone 4a: to -34.4 °C (-30 °F)
USDA Zone 4b: to -31.6 °C (-25 °F)
USDA Zone 5a: to -28.8 °C (-20 °F)
USDA Zone 5b: to -26.1 °C (-15 °F)
USDA Zone 6a: to -23.3 °C (-10 °F)
USDA Zone 6b: to -20.5 °C (-5 °F)
USDA Zone 7a: to -17.7 °C (0 °F)
USDA Zone 7b: to -14.9 °C (5 °F)
USDA Zone 8a: to -12.2 °C (10 °F)
USDA Zone 8b: to -9.4 °C (15 °F)
USDA Zone 9a: to -6.6 °C (20 °F)
USDA Zone 9b: to -3.8 °C (25 °F)
Bloom Color:
Red blend (rb)
Bloom Shape:
Semi-double
Flower Fragrance:
Slightly Fragrant
Bloom Time:
Late Spring/Early Summer
Blooms repeatedly
Habit:
Shrub
Can be trained as a standard or tree form
Patent Information:
Patented
Other Details:
Shade-tolerant
Resistant to black spot
Resistant to mildew
Resistant to rust
Sets hips
Pruning Instructions:
Blooms on new wood; prune early to promote new growth
Soil pH requirements:
5.6 to 6.0 (acidic)
6.1 to 6.5 (mildly acidic)
Propagation Methods:
From softwood cuttings
From semi-hardwood cuttings
From hardwood cuttings
By grafting
By budding
Foliage Color:
Dark Green
Bloom Characteristics:
Flowers are good for cutting
This plant is attractive to bees, butterflies and/or birds
Flowers are fragrant
Flowers are showy
Water Requirements:
Where to Grow:
Grow outdoors year-round in hardiness zone
Regional
This plant is said to grow outdoors in the following regions:
Auburn, Alabama
Birmingham, Alabama
Dothan, Alabama
Huntsville, Alabama
Saraland, Alabama
Lake Havasu City, Arizona
Mesa, Arizona
Scottsdale, Arizona
Fayetteville, Arkansas
Floral, Arkansas
Mabelvale, Arkansas
Granada Hills, California
Carrabelle, Florida
Daytona Beach, Florida
Deltona, Florida
Dunnellon, Florida
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Gulf Breeze, Florida
Hampton, Florida
Jacksonville, Florida
Keystone Heights, Florida
Lake City, Florida
Lakeland, Florida(2 reports)
Lithia, Florida
Longwood, Florida
Mascotte, Florida
New Smyrna Beach, Florida
North Palm Beach, Florida
Palm Coast, Florida
Panama City, Florida
Port Saint Joe, Florida
Saint Cloud, Florida
Spring Hill, Florida(2 reports)
Stuart, Florida
Summerfield, Florida
Wauchula, Florida
Atlanta, Georgia
Blackshear, Georgia
Cordele, Georgia
Fort Valley, Georgia
Gray, Georgia
Harlem, Georgia
Marietta, Georgia
Patterson, Georgia
Pembroke, Georgia
Waleska, Georgia
Arlington Heights, Illinois
Des Plaines, Illinois
Hampton, Illinois
Niles, Illinois
Oak Brook, Illinois
River Forest, Illinois
Spring Grove, Illinois
Urbana, Illinois
Wheaton, Illinois
Fishers, Indiana
Fort Wayne, Indiana
Jamestown, Indiana
Cedar Rapids, Iowa
Des Moines, Iowa
Dubuque, Iowa
Andover, Kansas
Shawnee Mission, Kansas
Crofton, Kentucky
Baton Rouge, Louisiana(2 reports)
Covington, Louisiana
Echo, Louisiana
Lafayette, Louisiana
Simmesport, Louisiana
Slidell, Louisiana
Sulphur, Louisiana
West Monroe, Louisiana(2 reports)
Bowie, Maryland
Ellicott City, Maryland
Germantown, Maryland
Highland, Maryland
Beverly, Massachusetts
Dracut, Massachusetts
North Billerica, Massachusetts
Sandwich, Massachusetts
Townsend, Massachusetts
Benton Harbor, Michigan
Holland, Michigan
Stephenson, Michigan
Ypsilanti, Michigan
Albert Lea, Minnesota
Horn Lake, Mississippi
Ridgeland, Mississippi
Camdenton, Missouri
Saint Louis, Missouri
Omaha, Nebraska
Plattsmouth, Nebraska
Manchester, New Hampshire
Ocean View, New Jersey
Roswell, New Mexico
Campbell Hall, New York
Croton On Hudson, New York
Great River, New York
Mechanicville, New York
Mount Upton, New York
North Tonawanda, New York
Syracuse, New York
Cary, North Carolina
Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Charlotte, North Carolina
Concord, North Carolina(2 reports)
Gibsonville, North Carolina
Raeford, North Carolina
Raleigh, North Carolina(2 reports)
Vale, North Carolina
Weaverville, North Carolina
Winston Salem, North Carolina
Akron, Ohio
Bucyrus, Ohio
Columbus, Ohio
Lewis Center, Ohio
Hulbert, Oklahoma
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Coopersburg, Pennsylvania
Hanover, Pennsylvania
Harleysville, Pennsylvania
Mohrsville, Pennsylvania
Norristown, Pennsylvania
Palmyra, Pennsylvania
Reading, Pennsylvania
Ridgway, Pennsylvania
Tyrone, Pennsylvania
Whitehall, Pennsylvania
Conway, South Carolina
Inman, South Carolina
Prosperity, South Carolina
Simpsonville, South Carolina
Summerville, South Carolina
Germantown, Tennessee
Hendersonville, Tennessee
Knoxville, Tennessee
Austin, Texas(3 reports)
Baytown, Texas
Carrollton, Texas
China Spring, Texas
Dallas, Texas
Detroit, Texas
Elgin, Texas
Fort Worth, Texas
Frisco, Texas
Georgetown, Texas
Giddings, Texas
Haltom City, Texas
Houston, Texas(2 reports)
Iredell, Texas
Katy, Texas
Midlothian, Texas
North Zulch, Texas
Paris, Texas
Plano, Texas
Richmond, Texas(2 reports)
Rockport, Texas
Rockwall, Texas
Round Rock, Texas
Rowlett, Texas(2 reports)
San Antonio, Texas(2 reports)
Spring, Texas(2 reports)
Temple, Texas
Chantilly, Virginia
Danville, Virginia
Hampton, Virginia
Herndon, Virginia
Manassas, Virginia
Pembroke, Virginia
Richmond, Virginia
Toano, Virginia
Bothell, Washington
Freeland, Washington
Seattle, Washington
Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
Petersburg, West Virginia
Ellsworth, Wisconsin
Little Chute, Wisconsin
New Lisbon, Wisconsin
Pardeeville, Wisconsin
show allGardeners' Notes:
Rating | Content |
---|---|
Negative | On May 6, 2019, xanadu9999 from Highland, MD wrote: Yes these are lovely when healthy, they bloom like mad things! BUT they seem to be EXTREMELY SUSCEPTIBLE to rose rosette virus which can kill roses. I put in about 35 in a group in 2018 and are going to have to remove at least ten of them this year due to acursed rose rosette virus. |
Negative | On Jan 18, 2018, guycomet from Vancouver, WA wrote: While the knockout roses are eye catching and relatively maintenance free , they are taking up too much space in garden centers and are overused . |
Neutral | On Dec 1, 2017, PosterBoy from Plano, TX wrote: Hate to knock these roses, but after four years they've been a mixed bag for me in north Texas. On a positive note, the reds in full sun have done well, with good spring and fall flushes. In the summer heat, they mostly just hang on, waiting for cooler temps (as we all do.) No fragrance. I did spray for black spot once in early summer this year. |
Positive | On Jul 14, 2017, KarenGF from KING CITY, What can I say about my rosa in red except wow!!! I bought it last year and it wintered fantastic. I didn't do any pruning on it and this year it got more buds on it than it did last year!! It was stunning. And there is a faint scent to these. The one that I am being amazed by is my double pink knockout!! Give it A+ for determination as it has been through so much last year-with the rose slugs getting to it and having to transplant it then hardly any leaves left on it and somehow it survived the winter and then cutting it back to 6 inches in May and how it began sending out new leaves and shoots as well as a bud. Then having to transplant it to another part of the garden and it still refused to give in by putting out 4 more beautiful buds and more leaves on it. I love the knockouts hav... read more |
Negative | On Dec 28, 2016, rossbynum from Houston, TX wrote: I think Knock Out roses are weeds. Yes, they very disease resistant and they bloom a lot. However, they're still a rose and still require some level of care. Their abundant blooming means they need to be constantly deadheaded and if they aren't they get leggy and very spindly/ugly. |
Positive | On Sep 8, 2015, coriaceous from ROSLINDALE, MA wrote: This is an excellent performer: hardy, vigorous and floriferous. It blooms more or less continuously from June till frost. It's highly resistant to black spot disease that troubles most roses here (Boston Z6a). Under ordinary conditions, it does well without fungicide sprays or deadheading or fertilizing. |
Negative | On Jun 21, 2015, elainewhite74 from Herndon, VA (Zone 7a) wrote: Sadly, I'm going to have to give this plant a negative. Five years ago we planted 6 of these in a bed at the front of the house. They were absolutely gorgeous, very low maintenance and offered an endless drift of color. Sounds like the perfect plant.....right? Not so fast! Last year we noticed discoloration and strange, distorted limbs. After some research, we discovered our knockout roses had become infected with Rose Rosette Disease. This disease is highly contagious, and once your roses have become infected there is no cure, the plant will die. Knockout Roses were hailed to be disease resistant. Unfortunately, they are not resistant to Rose Rosette. I'm heartbroken over the loss of these plants, but out only option was to dig them up and burn them. After walking around the neighborhood,... read more |
Neutral | On May 14, 2014, KariGrows from New Lisbon, WI (Zone 4b) wrote: I'm posting neutral due to my double pink surviving the zone 4 winter, a brutal one, with protection - its totally leafed out and beautiful with very little dieback. However, my double red is black to the base. It was gorgeous last year and much bigger and more prolific than the pink one. I started to dig it out and found one small area of green . I had given this one winter protection and it actually was in a more protected area. There are no buds at all. I was very happy with it until now. Of course I liked the red best. So will it live? who knows. I don't even know if I want a replacement or use a different rose there. |
Negative | On Aug 7, 2013, mehitabel45 from Whidbey Island, WA (Zone 8b) wrote: Boring rose. No scent, uninteresting flowers. Bush scraggly. Waste of space. Get a real rose. |
Neutral | On Jun 27, 2013, pattyapple101 from Ephrata, PA wrote: I planted three Rainbow Knockout Roses in front of my house about four years ago. I live in southeastern Pennsylvania. With a minimum of care (a little pruning I do to shape the plants in early spring, and infrequent deadheading), I have had healthy plants, which bloom profusely starting in mid-May and then continue blooming sporadically until frost. I am not happy, though, about the fading of the flowers on this variety. The flowers start off as this beautiful pink-coral-yellow center color, and then fade to a sickly-looking cream-like color, which is not pretty. I am looking for a knockout variety that does not fade - or at least does not fade to the extent that these flowers do. I realize that all flowers have to die, but I would prefer flowers that die with their color more intac... read more |
Positive | On Mar 3, 2013, joraines from Inman, SC wrote: I know some rose enthusiasts believe they are 'over-rated', over-planted and hyped but I love them. Having tried to raise hybrid teas in the past with the endless spraying, feeding and still watching black spot take over, Knockout Roses are like a dream come true. Endless blooms, no black spot, little watering required and they bloom even if you don't feed them. We have two of the red's at our farm sign up at the top of our long driveway far away from a watering hose and even in the hot, dry summer, they contnue to perform beautifully. I intend to try other hardy shrub roses elsewhere but for lasting season-long color, vigor, ease of care and beauty where you can't fuss with them all the time, they can't be beat! |
Neutral | On May 11, 2012, melhol90 from Glencoe, FL wrote: I have only had this rose for maybe 3 days i keep the soil slightly moist but over the last day i noticed the roses pedals looked burned is it getting too much sun? The buds look healthy and I didnt have in the ground until the second day after purchase. Could this effect the way it is growing? |
Positive | On May 23, 2011, rcmartin from Hanover, PA (Zone 6a) wrote: I am very satisfied with the knock out roses. I have planted 2 double pinks and 2 double reds. The reds were planted in 2009 and the pinks in 2010. Very satisfied with them, growth has been phenominal. Last year I did not cut them back very far and the reds grew to about 4 1/2 feet. This year I trimmed both kinds in the late fall and then again in the spring as they were beginning to sprout new growth. I even thinned them out like you would do on a normal rose bush. Growth has been good and they just began to blossom over this weekend (5/20-22-2011). I dead head them during the season and learned early not to go beyond the first leaf on the branch if I want additional flowering. |
Positive | On May 22, 2011, BUFFY690 from Prosperity, SC (Zone 7b) wrote: I have two pink doubles and they are blooming like crazy, although they haven't gained any size, I think I am going to loosen the soil and add some organic fertilizer and see if I can give the whole plant a boost. I did have leaves all winter though. |
Positive | On Mar 17, 2011, YeeFam from Leander, TX (Zone 8a) wrote: Planted red and pink knockout roses last May - did very well during the summer and fall. |
Neutral | On Dec 7, 2010, tgwWhale from Casco, WI wrote: I bought my only Knockout because my row of roses, along the south edge of my garden, passes within 25 feet of the neighbor's flowering crab -- a variety that gets totally loaded with black spot every year and spreads the black spot to my roses. So when Knockout came out and was advertised as 100% resistant to black spot, I tried one. |
Neutral | On Oct 7, 2010, braun06 from Peoria Heights, IL (Zone 5b) wrote: The plants are great, they are tough, but heck yeah there are tons of more choices out there. Knockouts are overplanted. It is likely planted at your local Mcdonalds in large masses. I like diversity, which is better for the eye and for our virus/disease proned biology. If a disease comes through that likes the genetics of these plants so well, it will go by way of the elm very quickly and leave many cities with empty plant beds. |
Positive | On May 13, 2010, julzperry from Horn Lake, MS wrote: I have two of these planted in a location right up against my house. They get sun from 11 am until the sun goes down. They are wonderful performers, and have reached the height of 10 feet in only 6 years. They do not seem to be growing any taller anymore. I have never pruned or fertilized mine. I just planted them and left them alone.. They are a must have for any rose lover! |
Positive | On Apr 17, 2010, Leehallfae from Seattle, WA wrote: Easy care, and an early bloomer. Mine is already in flower. |
Positive | On Nov 3, 2009, Julie35 from Fort Wayne, IN wrote: Should this plant be covered during a freeze just at freezing point? I have buds and full flowers which may need coverage this week. I'm from the sunny South, where many plants can die when it gets down near the freezing point. However, I'm not sure what a shrub rose does when the weather is within its cold hardiness. Please advise. |
Positive | On Oct 8, 2009, MsHammer from Mount Upton, NY wrote: I have only had mine just this summer and I love the Knockout Roses! They bloomed and grew all summer long and we had a Very wet summer and cold too, up here in the Northeast. I have 2.. one is pink and one is red. They are still blooming and it is now October with cold nights and more rainy days ! We did not have too many Japanese Beetles this summer for some reason.They always ruin my other roses , but they did not harm the Knockouts. I think I will be buying more of these, since they are very hardy and kept blooming all summer. I never had to water them because of all the rain we had all summer long and now most of the Fall. I did dead-head them whenever I was out there to look at them. They are still full of buds. I will put some leaf mulch around them bottom of the plants f... read more |
Neutral | On Jul 23, 2009, graciebelle from North Bennington, VT wrote: I have a few Knock Outs (Red, Double Red and Rainbow) . The red ones are doing OK - some Japanese beetles here and there but they continue to bloom through it all. But the Rainbow one is covered with Japanese beetles - not much left of the leaves or the blossoms at this point - and it's still covered with JB every morning. I kind of feel like it's now the sacrificial plant for the entire garden. Guess I'll just stick to the earlier varieties. |
Positive | On Jan 27, 2009, dotin87 from Detroit, TX (Zone 7a) wrote: Great plant for mass plantings. I saw these in N. Dallas planted in the medians and fell in love with them. When we moved to our N.E. Texas ranch, we planted a hedge (20)along the entrance to our garage. They have bloomed profusely every summer since 2006. Originally, after a very wet winter two plants' leaves showed yellowing with brown edges and stunted growth. I kept watering and occassionlly fertilizing them during the droughty summer. A local nursery woman told me I was watering them too much and that they loved abuse. No problem! Quit watering the remainder of hot, dry summer- they did great. Highly recommend them for this area 7a,b, especially for someone like me that doesn't know anything about raising roses. |
Positive | On Aug 1, 2008, lrwells50 from (Lynn) Paris, TX (Zone 7b) wrote: I have this rose planted towards the back of our lot, and it's always chock full of blooms that are visible from our back porch. |
Positive | On Apr 24, 2008, Gardenia731 from (Arlene) Lakeland, FL (Zone 9a) wrote: My father bought me my first knockout rose for 2007 Christmas while visiting form Puerto Rico. This was my test to begin a garden in my new house. Well, he planned this very well because I am hooked. Since December of 2007 I am on a role with these roses. |
Positive | On Mar 20, 2008, GreeneLady from Oak Island, NC (Zone 8a) wrote: Knock out Roses were specifically bred to handle the hot summers of the south. Will grow in the north, but knock outs need heat to flourish. These roses LOVE water and need to be mulched at the base. If you let them dry out, flower production will be way down and the bushes will look ratty and will loose leaves quickly. |
Positive | On Jul 31, 2007, biddyusmc from Raeford, NC (Zone 7b) wrote: I really like this beautiful rose. It does have a fragrance, and a very nice one at that. When there are many blooms, it is very noticeable. Otherwise, you have to get very close in order to smell it. It has flourished in over 100 degree heat with full sun exposure. My soil is very acidic and the rose blooms like crazy. This rose is a source of constant color from early spring to late fall. Like a previous poster commented, it will have deep red blooms which fade to a light pink shade before they fall off. I am very happy with this rose because it take very little maintenance and is resistant to extreme heat and humidity and freezing cold. It is nearly a no-brainer shrub that is perfect for those who have difficulty keeping plants alive and thriving. |
Neutral | On Jun 25, 2007, Meig from Timnath, CO (Zone 5b) wrote: I love the color of these roses. |
Positive | On Jun 8, 2007, Allie88 from Palmyra, PA (Zone 6a) wrote: I LOVE these roses. It says that they only have a slight fragrance, but we have them planted near our pool and by a walk way and they have the most delightful fragrance. I have had no disease problems, whatsoever. I bring them in my house as cut flowers all the time. They flower abundantly all summer! It's one of my favorite flowers. |
Positive | On Oct 31, 2006, NHLady from Exeter, NH (Zone 5a) wrote: I've been gardening for many years and, like many gardeners, I had lost patience with roses. A friend who works at a local nursery assured me I would like Knock Out. She was so right! I have 7-8 of them now and each one has adapted well to its location. I had to transplant several in August. They tolerated the move nicely and they even rewarded me with new blossoms. It's now Halloween in New Hampshire and I am still cutting buds to bring indoors. I enthusiastically recommend them. If you are new to gardening and want to try rose shrubs, plant Knock Out--you won't regret it. |
Neutral | On Sep 27, 2006, MagNC from Gibsonville, NC wrote: I give it a 'neutral' only because the Japanese beetles chowed on it without mercy this past summer, I'm happy it survived and now seems to be doing well. |
Neutral | On Aug 6, 2006, cpd99 from Oak Brook, IL wrote: We have been growing this for 3 years. The first year was very successful, with copious blooms. |
Positive | On Jun 13, 2006, SummerSun06 from Townsend, MA (Zone 5b) wrote: The only rose I have grown with no die back with no protection in my zone 5 garden. I have them in an exposed site with no winter protection and they came back in better condition than roses in a protected spot with protection. They look great in a mass planting. An amazing rose. |
Positive | On May 28, 2006, janders from Rockwall, TX wrote: Beautiful color! I can smell the flowers but my husband says that they have no scent to him. Fairly disease resistant as long as it is planted properly. |
Positive | On May 19, 2006, boneyween from Shawnee Mission, KS wrote: Highly recommended for new rose growers because of this plant's strong resistance to the dreaded black spot disease. Blooms are initially a florescent cherry red, fading to a soft pink. In my experience, you'll get the most profuse blooming in full sun and with regular deadheading, but no special cutting techniques are required. Mine have a light scent when the blooms open, but it fades after a couple days. |
Neutral | On May 11, 2006, cottonfarm from Midlothian, TX (Zone 8b) wrote: My neighbor planted one and it is now 5 ft. tall despite the claims of being a 3ft tall bush. I noticed it is putting on hips too. Very small hips. It is north of a very large hedge.Blooms like crazy. |
Positive | On May 1, 2006, Suze_ from (Zone 7b) wrote: Great shrub rose, very easy care. Blooms throughout the season even in the south if given sufficient water. |
Positive | On Mar 16, 2006, JaxFlaGardener from Jacksonville, FL (Zone 8b) wrote: I have three of the red "Knock Out" roses in various degrees of sun in my garden, from full sun to mostly shade. The one in full sun has grown the largest, but all of them have grown and bloomed profusely for me. |
Positive | On Mar 15, 2006, annaprim from Wheaton, IL wrote: I planted 9 Knockout roses under less than ideal conditions (soil not well amended, part sun) and they have bloomed and bloomed for me. The only disappointment I have had with them is that they did not produce the beautiful hips that the supplier promised. Maybe they would have under better conditions. |
Positive | On Aug 14, 2005, fireant13 from (Zone 9a) wrote: My experience mirrors maggiemoo's, including the thorns and no fragrance. I have five of them in a raised planter bed. They are thriving and blooming with little maintenance. |
Positive | On Aug 14, 2005, michaeladenner from Deland, FL wrote: Though everyone calls it a single, it's not a true single like, say, a cherokee rose. I'd call it a semi-double. Grows very nicely (on Fortuniana) here in Florida in filtered sun. Does like fertilizer, but otherwise absolutely zero maintenance. I don't even bother pruning. |
Positive | On May 16, 2005, Gindee77 from Hampton, IL (Zone 5a) wrote: This single rose is a great bloomer and hardy in zone 5. It's also a very heatly rose. |
Positive | On Jul 24, 2004, seedlng from Fort Lauderdale, FL wrote: south-east florida : fort lauderdale |
Positive | On Feb 12, 2004, handhelpers from Coopersburg, PA (Zone 6b) wrote: beautiful fluorescent cherry red - practically maintenance free as far as roses go. agree with the 'very thorny' - be careful |
Positive | On Feb 11, 2004, jyoung from Baton Rouge, LA wrote: 'Knockout' roses are one of the easiest, most profuse blooming, and disease resistent plants. Used in mass plantings for landscape use in a very clay type moist soil in south Louisiana, this rose continues to thrive. We have had several nights with freezing temperatures as low as 26 F, and sevaral days of rainfall, as much as 4 inches at a time. The plants kept their blooms through late November and continue to produce new growth throughout the winter season. The summer months don't seem to affect this plant neither. Constant blooms and good growth are a plus for the rose family and all gardeners should have this one in their collection. |
Positive | On Feb 11, 2004, maggiemoo from Conroe, TX (Zone 9a) wrote: I've had this rose for almost a year exactly (I won it for Valentines Day, 2003.) Texas A&M has designated this an "Earthkind" rose, meaning it can pretty much handle all types of soils and neglect, and still perform. In my 8b - 9a zone garden it is just now finally takng a rest. Otherwise, it always has blooms on it, and while it did get some black spot, it never bothered the plant. I've never been able to detect even the slightest fragrance, but its good looks coupled with low maintenance make up for it. Other than a lack of fragrance, the only negative I can find is that it has killer thorns, so watch out when you're working around it! One of the garden call-in shows I listen to on Sat mornings is hosted by a landscape company to the north of Houston. They use this extensively as a land... read more |
Neutral | On Jan 10, 2003, Kathkc from East Falmouth, MA (Zone 7a) wrote: Striking, deep red-pink color; dark green foliage; very hardy in my NE garden; black spot was not a problem, but it doesn't make a great cut flower. |
Neutral | On Aug 2, 2001, JSS from Cordova, MD wrote: Class: Shrub |