under
6 in
6-12
in
1-3
ft
4-10
ft
12-20
ft
over
20 ft
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Height
CLEAR
Sun Exposure
CLEAR
Bloom Color
CLEAR
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Purchase
CLEAR
Hardiness
zone 1
below -55F
zone 2
-50F to -45F
zone 3
-45F to -35F
zone 4
-35F to -25F
zone 5
-25F to -15F
zone 6
-15F to -5F
zone 7
-5F to 5F
zone 8
5F to 15F
zone 9
15F to 20F
zone 10
20F to 35F
zone 11
above 40F
Not
Applicable
CLEAR
Bloom Color
CLEAR
Foliage
Color
CLEAR
Height
CLEAR
under 6 in
6-12 in
1-3 ft
4-10 ft
12-20 ft
over 20 ft
Spacing
CLEAR
3-6 in.
6-9 in.
9-12 in.
12-15 in.
15-18 in.
18-24 in.
24-36 in.
36-48 in.
4-6 ft.
6-8 ft.
8-10 ft.
10-12 ft.
12-15 ft.
15-20 ft.
20-30 ft.
30-40 ft.
over 40 ft.
Bloom Time
CLEAR
Late Winter/Early Spring
Mid Spring
Late Spring/Early Summer
Mid Summer
Late Summer/Early Fall
Mid Fall
Late Fall/Early Winter
Mid Winter
Blooms all year
Blooms repeatedly
N/A
Foliage
Type
CLEAR
Grown for foliage
Evergreen
Deciduous
Herbaceous
Good Fall Color
Provides Winter Interest
This plant is fire-retardant
This plant is resistant to deer
Aromatic
Leathery
Rubbery
Shiny/Glossy
Smooth
Succulent
Textured
Veined
Velvet/Fuzzy
Bloom Characteristics
CLEAR
Flowers are good for cutting
Flowers are good for drying and preserving
This plant is attractive to bees, butterflies and/or birds
Flowers are fragrant
Flowers are nocturnal
Flowers are showy
N/A
Sun
Exposure
CLEAR
Soil
pH
CLEAR
very acidic
4.5 or below
highly acidic
4.6 to 5.0
strongly acidic
5.1 to 5.5
acidic
5.6 to 6.0
mildly acidic
6.1 to 6.5
neutral
6.6 to 7.5
mildly alkaline
7.6 to 7.8
alkaline
7.9 to 8.5
strongly alkaline
8.6 to 9.0
very alkaline
over 9.1
Hardiness
CLEAR
zone 1
below -55F
zone 2
-50F to -45F
zone 3
-45F to -35F
zone 4
-35F to -25F
zone 5
-25F to -15F
zone 6
-15F to -5F
zone 7
-5F to 5F
zone 8
5F to 15F
zone 9
15F to 20F
zone 10
20F to 35F
zone 11
above 40F
Not
Applicable
Water Requirements
CLEAR
Drought-tolerant;
suitable for xeriscaping
Average Water Needs; Water regularly;
do not overwater
Requires consistently moist soil;
do not let dry out between waterings
Very high moisture needs;
suitable for bogs and water gardens
Where to Grow
CLEAR
Grow outdoors year-round in hardiness zone
Can be grown as an annual
Suitable for growing in containers
This plant is suitable for growing indoors
Seed
Collect
CLEAR
Bag seedheads to capture ripening seed
Collect seedhead/pod when flowers fade; allow to dry
Allow pods to dry on plant; break open to collect seeds
Allow seedheads to dry on plants; remove and collect seeds
Remove fleshy coating on seeds before storing
Allow unblemished fruit to ripen; clean and dry seeds
Unblemished fruit must be significantly overripe before harvesting seed; clean and dry seeds
Ferment seeds before storing
Wear gloves to protect hands when handling seeds
Properly cleaned, seed can be successfully stored
Seed does not store well; sow as soon as possible
N/A: plant does not set seed, flowers are sterile, or plants will not come true from seed
Propagation
Methods
CLEAR
By dividing the rootball
By dividing rhizomes, tubers, corms or bulbs (including offsets)
By dividing the bulb's scales
By scoring the base of the bulb to promote new bulblets
From leaf cuttings
From herbaceous stem cuttings
From woody stem cuttings
From softwood cuttings
From semi-hardwood cuttings
From hardwood cuttings
From hardwood heel cuttings
Allow cut surface to callous over before planting
From seed; direct sow outdoors in fall
From seed; winter sow in vented containers, coldframe or unheated greenhouse
From seed; stratify if sowing indoors
Direct sow as soon as the ground can be worked
From seed; sow indoors before last frost
From seed; direct sow after last frost
From seed; germinate in a damp paper towel
From seed; germinate in vitro in gelatin, agar or other medium
Scarify seed before sowing
By grafting
By budding
By simple layering
By air layering
By tip layering
By serpentine layering
By stooling or mound layering
Plant is viviparous
From spores
From bulbils
Self-sows freely; deadhead if you do not want volunteer seedlings next season
This plant is monocarpic
Common
Family
Genus
Species
Cultivar
Hybridizer
Available For Sale
Available For Trade
- Characteristics
- Growth Conditions
- Propagation
- Name
Bloom Color
CLEAR
Foliage
Color
CLEAR
Height
CLEAR
under 6 in
6-12 in
1-3 ft
4-10 ft
12-20 ft
over 20 ft
Spacing
CLEAR
3-6 in.
6-9 in.
9-12 in.
12-15 in.
15-18 in.
18-24 in.
24-36 in.
36-48 in.
4-6 ft.
6-8 ft.
8-10 ft.
10-12 ft.
12-15 ft.
15-20 ft.
20-30 ft.
30-40 ft.
over 40 ft.
Bloom Time
CLEAR
Late Winter/Early Spring
Mid Spring
Late Spring/Early Summer
Mid Summer
Late Summer/Early Fall
Mid Fall
Late Fall/Early Winter
Mid Winter
Blooms all year
Blooms repeatedly
N/A
Foliage
Type
CLEAR
Grown for foliage
Evergreen
Deciduous
Herbaceous
Good Fall Color
Provides Winter Interest
This plant is fire-retardant
This plant is resistant to deer
Aromatic
Leathery
Rubbery
Shiny/Glossy
Smooth
Succulent
Textured
Veined
Velvet/Fuzzy
Bloom Characteristics
CLEAR
Flowers are good for cutting
Flowers are good for drying and preserving
This plant is attractive to bees, butterflies and/or birds
Flowers are fragrant
Flowers are nocturnal
Flowers are showy
N/A
Cynara Species, Artichoke Thistle, Cardoon
Cynara cardunculus
| Type: | Herbs |
| Height: | 6-8 ft. (1.8-2.4 m) |
| Conditions: | Zone 7-9, Full Sun |
Echinops Species, Small Globe Thistle, Southern Globethistle
Echinops ritro
| Type: | Perennials |
| Height: | 24-36 in. (60-90 cm) |
| Conditions: | Zone 3-9, Sun to Partial Shade |
Solanum Species, Buffalo Bur, Buffalobur Nightshade, Colorado Bur, Kansas Thistle, Mexican Thistle
Solanum angustifolium
| Type: | Annuals |
| Height: | 12-18 in. (30-45 cm) |
Silybum Species, Milk Thistle, St. Mary's Thistle
Silybum marianum
| Type: | Biennials |
| Height: | 4-6 ft. (1.2-1.8 m) |
| Conditions: | Zone 6-9, Full Sun |
| Type: | Perennials |
| Height: | 24 in. - 6 ft. | 60 cm - 1.8 m |
| Conditions: | Zone 3-10, Full Sun, Sun to Partial Shade |
Musk Thistle, Nodding Plumeless Thistle
Carduus nutans
| Type: | Biennials, Perennials |
| Height: | 12 in. - 8 ft. | 30 cm - 2.4 m |
| Conditions: | Zone 3-11, Full Sun |
Cirsium Species, Bristly Thistle, Bull Thistle, Horrid Thistle, Spiny Thistle, Yellow Thistle
Cirsium horridulum
| Type: | Biennials, Perennials |
| Height: | 36-48 in. (90-120 cm) |
| Conditions: | Zone 7-10, Full Sun |
Scotch Cotton Thistle, Scotch Thistle, Heraldic Thistle
Onopordum acanthium
| Type: | Biennials |
| Height: | 4-6 ft. (1.2-1.8 m) |
| Conditions: | Zone 3-9, Full Sun |
Centaurea Species, Golden Star Thistle, St. Barnaby's Thistle, Yellow Cockspur, Yellow Starthistle
Centaurea solstitialis
| Type: | Annuals, Biennials |
| Height: | 36 in. - 8 ft. | 90 cm - 2.4 m |
Argemone Species, Devil's Fig, Flowering Thistle, Mexican Poppy, Prickly Poppy, Yellow Thistle
Argemone mexicana
| Type: | Annuals, Tropicals and Tender Perennials |
| Height: | 24-36 in. (60-90 cm) |
| Conditions: | Zone 8-11, Full Sun |
Spiny Plumeless Thistle
Carduus acanthoides
| Type: | Biennials |
| Height: | 18-36 in. | 45-90 cm |
| Conditions: | Zone 3-10, Full Sun |
| Type: | Biennials, Perennials |
| Height: | 24 in. - 6 ft. | 60 cm - 1.8 m |
| Conditions: | Zone 6-9, Full Sun, Sun to Partial Shade |
Berkheya Species, Purple Berkheya, African Thistle 'Zulu Warrior'
Berkheya purpurea
| Type: | Tropicals and Tender Perennials |
| Height: | 18-36 in. | 45-90 cm |
| Conditions: | Zone 6-11, Full Sun |
Russian Thistle, Spiny Saltwort, Tumbleweed
Salsola kali
| Type: | Annuals |
| Height: | 24-48 in. | 60-120 cm |
Centaurea Species, American Star-Thistle, American Basket-Flower, Shaving Brush, Thornless Thistle
Centaurea americana
| Type: | Annuals |
| Height: | 36-48 in. (90-120 cm) |
Cirsium Species, Gray Pasture Thistle, Wavyleaf Thistle
Cirsium undulatum
| Type: | Biennials, Perennials |
| Height: | 24-36 in. (60-90 cm) |
| Conditions: | Zone 4-10, Full Sun |
Salsola Species, Prickly Russian Thistle
Salsola tragus
| Type: | Annuals, Herbs |
| Height: | 36 in. - 8 ft. | 90 cm - 2.4 m |
| Conditions: | Zone 7-8, Full Sun |
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